Word Clipping

Word Clipping Word Clipping Word Clipping By Maeve Maddox Abbreviated types of words like rhinoceros (rhino), synchronization (sync), and limousine (limo), basic in discussion and casual composition, are generally utilized completely in formal settings. These abbreviated words are called clippings. Once in a while a cut-out drives out its more drawn out unique and turns into a standard word in its own right. Some standard English words that started as clippings seem to be: taxi: a shortening of Taximeter, a gadget for estimating separation and calculating the toll. taxi: a shortening of cabriolet, a light two-wheeled chaise drawn by one pony. Later the word was applied to a mechanized vehicle. Note: The word taxi joins two clippings. lunch: a shortening of lunch meeting, a word recorded from 1580. In spite of the fact that lunch is recorded as ahead of schedule as 1829, it was as yet viewed as indecent a century later. Lunch get-together is still near, yet it has gained something of a valuable meaning. transport: a shortening of omnibus. Old style Latin omnibus methods â€Å"for all.† As a term for an open transportation vehicle, omnibus was acquired from French. The wealthier classes had delighted in the administrations of carriages for recruit as right on time as the seventeenth century. The omnibus offered modest open transportation to the majority. plane: a shortening of plane/plane. Words are cut from front, back, or the two finishes. Back section Most clippings keep the forward portion of the word, dropping the rest of the syllables: chimpanzee > chimp synchronize > sync assessment > test gas > gas notice > notice A few clippings change the spelling of the principal syllable so as to keep the ideal elocution. For instance, the shortening of business is spelled business in light of the fact that cut off from business, the syllable transport is articulated like the word for the vehicle. The abbreviated structure mike for amplifier has been in the language since 1911. Starting during the 1960s, the utilization of the shortening â€Å"mic† on electronic gadgets started to be mistaken for the word mike. As a shortened form under a sound port, â€Å"mic† is a helpful space-saver. It flops as a spelling, be that as it may, on the grounds that mic rhymes with Bic. Fore-cutting A few shortenings drop the start of the word: robot > bot parachute > chute cockroach > insect phone > telephone Center Clipping In center section the center of the word is held: cooler > refrigerator flu > influenza night robe > jammies The truth will surface eventually which of the current abbreviated words so mainstream in internet based life will adhere to the language. Here are some phonetic terms identified with word development by cutting: apocope [uh-POK-uh-pee]: The cutting off or exclusion of the last letter or syllable/s of a word: pic from picture, vocab from jargon. apheresis [a-fuh-REE-sis]: exclusion of at least one sounds or letters from the earliest starting point of a word: possum from opossum. syncope [SEENK-uh-pee]: constriction of a word by oversight of at least one syllables or letters in the center, as ma’m from madam, specs from displays, and fo’c’sle for forecastle. Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Has versus HadIn Search of a 4-Dot EllipsisCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Financial part of the new project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Monetary piece of the new venture - Essay Example An individual can retail organizations like Wal-Mart or a monetary association. Wal-Mart is the main retailing organization. It has been appraised as no.1 retailing organization in United States. An individual or a firm wanting to arrangement a store can get the administrations of Wal-Mart for the items offered by the Wal-Mart to show the mainstream marks that goes under Wal-Mart. Rather than moving toward the money related foundations like banks for subsidizing credits the ward can approach Wal-Mart. It can support the individual or firm to open store. Storekeeper can get commission from Wal-Mart after the selling of the items that were shown in the store. The commission fluctuates relying upon the store. In the present market situation the deals of quick moving purchaser merchandise (FMCG) and PC equipment and programming deals contact soak point. Dissimilar to stores built up for ancient rarities whose business move at snails pace than the items like FMCG. Also, capital required for setting up occasions that are obsolete in the market like collectibles and workmanship related is unassumingly high. Additionally the money engaged with such a store will be in question for a more drawn out period and get extremely less edge or commission from Wal-Mart. The fixed resources required in building up a store ought to be comparable to the status of the Wal-Mart.

Perfectionism Common in Those With Eating Disorders

Perfectionism Common in Those With Eating Disorders Eating Disorders Symptoms Print Perfectionism in Eating Disorders By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 01, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 29, 2019 Peter Dazely/Photographers Choice/Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Perfectionismâ€"the tendency to hold unrealistically high standardsâ€"has been implicated in the development of and maintenance of eating disorders. Clinical perfectionism is a primary target of intervention in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E), the leading treatment for adults with eating disorders. Studies have shown that patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have higher levels of perfectionism than control subjects. Perfectionism has been less studied  but also identified in patients with binge eating disorder. According to Bardone-Cone and colleagues (2010), “perfectionism appears to play a role in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of eating disorders” (p. 139). This article will define perfectionism, describe its relationship to eating disorders, and discuss treatment strategies. What Is Perfectionism? Perfectionism is a complex personality characteristic with no universally accepted definition. It is sometimes viewed as a personality trait or symptom. It can also be understood as a process. Perfectionism can have positive and negative aspects. Having high standards can be an asset and in many cases, it can be helpful in attaining goals. However, perfectionism also exacts a cost and in the wrong situations, too much of it can be an impediment. The perfectionism associated with psychological problems is problematic and has been referred to as clinical (or dysfunctional) perfectionism. Clinical perfectionism has three aspects: The continuous expectation that you or others meet high standards that, given the circumstances, other people consider extreme or unreasonable.Judging your self-worth largely on your ability to strive for and achieve these unrelenting high standards.Continuing to aim for these standards despite consistently negative consequences. People can exhibit perfectionism in certain domains of their lives and not in others. For example, some people are perfectionistic regarding school or work, but not around their homes. Others may be perfectionistic around their appearance, but not about their school or work performance. Specific domains of perfectionism that have been identified in the literature include: Performance at work or schoolClose relationshipsLeisure and athleticsNeatness and aestheticsOrganization and orderingWritingSpeakingPhysical appearanceHealth and personal cleanliness People with perfectionism engage in certain behaviors that maintain their perfectionistic beliefs. Perfectionistic behaviors include both things you might do and things you might avoid doing. Behaviors that perfectionists might do include: Excessive checkingExcessive organizingListmakingCorrecting others In addition, many people with perfectionism avoid doing certain things out of fear that they will not be able to meet their own standards. Examples of avoidance behaviors include: Giving up too soonIndecisivenessAvoiding tasksFailure to delegateProcrastination Many people with clinical perfectionism find that it negatively affects their social relationships, mental health, and/or physical health.   Perfectionism’s Relationship to Eating Disorders Perfectionism and eating disorders seem to be correlated, but the causality is not clearâ€"we don’t know if one leads to the other or which comes first. Some research indicates that people with eating disorders and perfectionism often displayed perfectionistic traits before their eating disorders began. Some research studies showed that perfectionistic traits persisted in individuals with eating disorders even after recovery. However, Bardone-Cone and colleagues found that when a more stringent definition of eating disorder recovery was used, perfectionistic symptoms were reduced to levels similar to those found in patients without eating disorders. These researchers write, “From this perspective, interventions and/or experiences that help decrease perfectionism may be key to making full recovery attainable. However, it could also be that the temporal ordering is reversed, with attaining full eating disorder recovery (with eating disorder symptomatology at levels comparable to those with no history of an eating disorder) being what permitted the relaxation of perfectionistic standards and attitudes.” Clinical perfectionism is described as one of four key factors that maintain eating disorders, according to Fairburn, the author of CBT-E. Research shows perfectionism is related to poorer prognosis after admission for anorexia nervosa and with higher treatment drop-out. Treatment If relaxation of perfectionism is associated with a  more complete eating disorder recovery, it deserves attention during treatment. Most of the research on the treatment of perfectionism has focused on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches. CBT treatment for perfectionism has been found to be successful in reducing perfectionism among both patient and nonpatient populations. It has also has been shown to reduce eating disorder symptoms as well as symptoms of other disorders including depression and anxiety. CBT treatment for perfectionism involves challenging perfectionistic thoughts such as all-or-nothing thinking and “should” statements. It involves identifying overgeneralizations and double standards. Patients also learn to test perfectionistic beliefs through the use of behavioral experiments. For example, a patient who believes he would be too ashamed to ever have a friend over unless his apartment is totally and thoroughly cleaned up could test having a friend over when things are left out of place. A client could test the belief that she must always be productive by scheduling time to sit in the park and people-watch. Having a problem with perfectionism is similar to having a “phobia” of being imperfectâ€"you are terrified of making mistakes. Treatment for this condition therefore also involves repeated exposure to situations in which you are unlikely to perform perfectly. Examples of exposure activities could include: Arriving late for an appointmentSending out an email that includes a spelling or grammatical errorSpeaking in a meeting and losing your train of thoughtAsking for help in a storeGiving incorrect change when paying for something Over time, with repeated exposure, patients learn that it is safe to relax their standards and that nothing terrible happens when they do. The goal is to develop more healthy and balanced standards. Will Treatment Help? Given the link between perfectionism and eating disorders, it might help to recognize and address perfectionism in you or a loved one. The following are questions suggested by one of the leading experts on perfectionism (Antony 2015) to assess whether one might need help for perfectionism: Are your standards higher than those of other people?Are you able to meet your standards? Do you get overly upset if you don’t meet your own standards?Are other people able to meet your standards? Do you get overly upset if others don’t meet your standards?Do your standards help you to achieve your goals or do they get in the way (e.g., by making you overly disappointed or angry when your standards are not met; by making you get less work done, etc.)?What would be the costs of relaxing a particular standard or ignoring a rule that you have?What would be the benefits of relaxing a specific standard or ignoring a rule that you have? In Summary If you or a loved one with an eating disorder display symptoms of perfectionism, you might want to seek help for these symptoms in addition to seeking treatment for the eating disorder. Successful CBT self-help programs for perfectionism include the book When Perfect Isn’t Good Enough and Perfectionism in Perspective, a free online downloadable workbook.

Brahms’ Brahms’ Brahms’ Third Third Third - 728 Words

Brahms’ Brahms’ Brahms’ Third Third Third In his early days, Brahms was attracted to the traditional form of classical music specifically Beethoven and Haydn. When the original form of the symphony was created, many composers tried to follow and fit the same mold. In this third symphony from an older Brahms, we see that he fits this mold by having this symphony divided into a fast-slow-minuet-fast. Just years before Brahms wrote his first symphony, he was declared as the heir to Beethoven. This obviously had pressure on Brahms at that point in his life, therefore he had to shift from a more traditional form of writing to making it original as shown in this third symphony even though he followed Beethoven and Haydn’s traditional form. It’s as if he had this heaviness of the past on his shoulders, yet we listen to his genuine response towards this feeling. Yes he followed this form, but we can see Brahms’ rhythmic display, motivic thinking, motivic saturation, and above all his musical wisdom. That being s aid, Im a firm believer that music comes from within a person and I really do believe that Brahms felt this way toward his music. What we listen to today, are movements that put together, have become masterpieces and models for many composers. Brahms third symphony is similar to Haydn’s conception of the symphony which he shows in his Oxford creation. It starts with a fast allegro movement, followed by a slow andante movement, later has a scherzo, and finally an allegroShow MoreRelated Review on Brahms?s Third Symphony Essay example613 Words   |  3 Pages Review on Brahms’s Third Symphony Symphony No.3, Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) Op.90, F Major Allegro con brio Andante Poco allegretto allegro Brahms was at the zenith of his powers when he wrote the third Symphony. He finished it during the summer of 1883, in Wiesbaden, whence in early May, soon after his fiftieth birthday. We can picture Brahms that summer, in the very prime of his life, his great intellectual and emotional powers fully developed and his mastery widely acknowledged, walking muchRead MoreRichard Muhlfeld s His Quintet For Clarinet, 2 Violins, Viola, And Cello1298 Words   |  6 PagesIn his Quintet for Clarinet, 2 Violins, Viola, and Cello Op. 115, Brahms creates an important and influential work in the chamber music repertoire. By writing his Quintet for the specific clarinetist Richard Mà ¼hlfeld’s artistic brilliance, and by taking musical liberties with conventional forms and expectations, Brahms crafts the intimacy and seriousness one has come to expect from chamber music. Towards the end of his life, Brahms had intended on retiring from composing. Around 1891, the MeiningenRead MoreBrahms’ â€Å"Wie Melodien† Op. 105 Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe lyrics for Brahms’ â€Å"Wie Melodien† Op. 105, No. 1 are from a poem written by Klaus Groth. It is a poem that never clearly states its true meaning. Instead, it arouses an emotional feeling of one dreaming about something from the past. And, these emotional feelings are expressed in Groth’s poem through a variety of images. The poem begins with using â€Å"melodies† as an image. In the first phrase, â€Å"Like melodies draw it to me softly through the mind,† the word â€Å"melodies† seems to be symbolicRead MoreDeath Schone Magelone By Ludwig Tieck948 Words   |  4 Pagessong from Brahms’ song cycle Romanzen aus L. Tieck’s Magelone, Op. 33 No. 3. As text for his song cycle, Brahms chose excerpts from the novel Die schà ¶ne Magelone by Ludwig Tieck (1773-1853). The novel tells a love story between Peter von Provence and Magelone, the king’s daughter. In this particular song, Peter and Magelone falls in love with each other. Though Brahms is most widely known as an instrumental composer, more than half of his opus numbers are devoted to vocal works. In Brahms’ song cyclesRead MoreReview on Brahmss Third Symphony Essays607 Words   |  3 PagesReview on Brahmss Third Symphony Symphony No.3, Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) Op.90, F Major Allegro con brio Andante Poco allegretto allegro Brahms was at the zenith of his powers when he wrote the third Symphony. He finished it during the summer of 1883, in Wiesbaden, whence in early May, soon after his fiftieth birthday. We can picture Brahms that summer, in the very prime of his life, his great intellectual and emotional powers fully developedRead MoreBrahms Intermezzo No.3, Op.119 in C Major Analysis8658 Words   |  35 Pages9/29/12 MTO 13.3: Ricci, The Progress of a Motive in Brahms s Intermezzo op. 119, no. 3 Volume 13, Number 3, September 2007 Copyright  © 2007 Society for Music Theory Adam Ricci* The Progress of a Motive in Brahms’s Intermezzo op. 119, no. 3* ABSTRACT: Brahms’s Intermezzo op. 119, no. 3 is structured around a motive with two components—one melodic, one harmonic—that operate sometimes separately and sometimes together. The global harmonic trajectory of the piece is embodied in the combinationRead MoreThe Development of Harmony from Schumann through Brahms to Debussy1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development of Harmony from Schumann through Brahms to Debussy In studying three composers, Schumann, Brahms and Debussy, it is possible through analysis, to construct a Harmonic development through time - from early 1800s to early 1900s. I will go about deducing a harmonic timeline by individually looking at each composer then will conclude with a final comparison summarizing how different harmonic elements develop with the Romantic Movement and its progression.Read MoreI Attended The University Symphony Orchestra Concert1374 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement, andante, was soft and comforting. Caleb showed lyrical and expressive potential of the trumpet. This movement was mostly concentrating on the capability of the trumpet which exemplifies the consummate melodic artistry of Haydn s late work. The third movement, allegro, was light and tuneful. The movement begins with soft violins and the orchestra follows immediately with a loud statement. As the piece stables, there is a pause and the trumpet make its first theme, accompanied by a full orchestraRead More The Florida Orchestra’s Program730 Words   |  3 Pages On April 11, 2014 The Florida Orchestra performed Wolfgang Mozart’s Symphony No. 28 in C major, K, 200, David Diamond’s Symphony No. 4, and Johannes Brahms Quartet No.1 for Piano and Strings in G minor at the David A. Straz Center for the P erforming Arts, Ferguson Hall in Tampa, Florida. Gerard Schwarz, guest conductor, led the Florida Orchestra for each of the compositions. According to The Florida Orchestra Program the list of performers for the violin is Jeffrey Multer, Nancy Chang, JeffreyRead MoreIn This Paper We Will Go Through The Development Of The2089 Words   |  9 Pages In this paper we will go through the development of the keyboard through the nineteenth century in chamber music. We are going to look at three different composers, Joseph Haydn, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Johannes Brahms. We are going to look and see how they treated the keyboard in their lives and compositions. For each of the composers we will look at one keyboard chamber piece so we can learn just a little more about how important it was to each composer and why. [introduction paragraph to be

The Plague By Albert Camus - 1511 Words

The Plague It is always awful when an epidemic starts to spread out. Regardless of have severe it is, it always has bad consequences. These hard times often bring the citizen closer to each other and make them appreciate life more. In the book â€Å"The Plague† written by Albert Camus the readers get a sense of how incredibly the spread of a deadly disease is. In this case it is the plague. Throughout the novel, the author tells the reader through Dr. Rieux, which is actually the author but he talks about himself in third person, how the town is in general before the epidemic, and how this epidemic effects the people inside the town. Other events, such as the decision for the citizen to be unable to move out, and for people outside of the town to move in does not make the mood inside the town any better, especially for those who have beloved ones going out of town for a short period of time because they are no longer allowed to come back to their family. On the other hand, people inside the town without their loved ones get another perspective and appreciate their wives, husbands or children even more than before they left them. They also get closer to their neighbor because everyone is suffering from the plague and collectively attempting to fight the infection. Oran is not a place that people want to live. It is often described in a very negative way. The location makes the reader think it is a very unpleasant place to live. This is supported by the author himself, who saysShow MoreRelatedThe Plague By Albert Camus2232 Words   |  9 PagesNon-American Author Research: The Plague by Albert Camus The Plague by Albert Camus is a novel that forms themes around human suffering, greed, and religion. Although, most of the cultural points in this novel are based off of the authors own traditions and culture, the major things to focus on are the differences between history, culture, and religious beliefs between the novel and Oran, Algeria. In Camus’s story, the community of Oran is thrown into panic due to a plague spreading throughout the cityRead MoreThe Plague by Albert Camus1001 Words   |  5 Pageslife. Albert Camus highlights the theme of time in his 1947 novel, The Plague. Through the use of allegory and point of view, Camus substantiates that when people are not aware of time and its advancing, they are wasting the precious and limited time of their lives. He constantly establishes that the amount of consciousness obtained by a person is the difference between spending time wisely and foolishly. In order to fully utilize it, people need to be aware of time and its passing. Camus uses pointRead MoreAnalysis Of The Plague By Albert Camus1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel, The Plague, written by Albert Camus, will be the focal point of the Multicultural essay. Further delving into Albert Camus and his life, he was a French philosopher, author, and journalist. At a young age, he lost his father due to an injury suffered during World War I, and was raised under the domineering hand of his grandmother alongside his mother (Lottman 52). Camus did exemplary in school and through his political engagement led him to join the Communist Party. Deeply advocating forRead MoreThe Plague by Albert Camus Essay1998 Words   |  8 PagesThe Plague by Albert Camus Albert Camus The Plague, takes place in the desert town of Oran, Algeria, in northern Africa. It is the perfect setting for this story to take place. The ordinariness of Oran is contrasted with the extraordinary business of the plague. Sprintzen points out that There is a mythic significance of Oran. Given the previous description of the quality of Oranian life, the selection of Oran as the location for the outbreak of plague should not come as a surprise(SprintzenRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Plague By Albert Camus1499 Words   |  6 PagesHolocaust and the plague the total is 90 million people, with 75 million people dying of the plague, and 15 million people died in the Holocaust. The Holocaust was the mass murder of certain groups of people that Hitler, the leader of the toleration state, disliked and wanted to get rid of. The plague happened in a very different fashion, it was the disease that spread quickly and was very contagious. In the book, The Plague by Albert Cam us, it describes what effect the plague had on the populationRead MoreCharacterization Of The Plague By Albert Camus2269 Words   |  10 PagesCharacterization of The Plague In this book The Plague by Albert Camus, it’s interesting to read as this book is centered in the fiction genre. Camus develops a story with characters who’s brought together by the natural disaster. I find the author’s plot, tone, and theme for the story satisfied about understanding survival. The story takes place in Oran, Algeria in the 1940s (World War II era). The author makes a reference about the real world’s bubonic plague in World War II that affect to otherRead MoreAnalysis Of Albert Camus The Plague Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The evil in this world comes almost always from ignorance. Goodwill can cause as much harm as ill-will, if it lacks understanding.† Wrote Albert Camus in the plague. Today, more than ever, this quote is relevant in the context of Afghanistan, a country in the crossroads between South and Central Asia, country mired in conflict of varying intensity since 1979. In the history of Afghanistan, a state, in order to be deemed as legitimate, had to satisfy three preconditions. Firstly, it had to be aRead More Existentialism and Albert Camus The Plague Essay3940 Words   |  16 PagesExistentialism and The Plague      In the mid 1940s, a man by the name of Albert Camus began to write a story. This story he called La Pestà ©. Written in French, the novel became extremely popular and has since been translated numerous times into many languages. This story has been read over and over, yet it tells more than it seems to. This story tells the tale of a city gripped by a deadly disease. This is true enough, but this is not what the novel is about. The Plague can be read as an allegoryRead MoreCriticism Of Heroism In The Plague, By Albert Camus811 Words   |  4 PagesThe Plague, written by Albert Camus, is a story about a bubonic plague outbreak in the French Algerian city of Oran. â€Å"I tried so hard and got so far, but in the end it doesnt even matter.† This quote from the band, Lincoln Park, describes the Absurdist philosophy shown in the Plague. Camus brings the reader on a rollercoaster of heroism and self-sacrifice, just to drop them off at the fact that none of it mattered in the end. The story starts out by an unnamed narrator giving brief backgroundRead MoreSuffering And Morality In The Plague By Albert Camus711 Words   |  3 Pagesfrom a higher power, like the church. Institutions such as religion are a way of expressing morality and a means to cope with suffering, a crucial understanding of the human condition. In â€Å"The Plague† by Albert Camus, his construction of the human condition is centered on the catastrophic plague in the town of Oran. Dr. Bernard Rieux, an atheist, cures the victims of the town while simultaneously being an unbiased narrator to the events of the disaster. Other main characters, like the Christian

Historical Background of Rural Finance of Bangladesh Free Essays

Historical background of rural finance The non-institutional or informal rural finance Informal rural finance markets enable flow of funds and transfer of rural financial assets through relatively localised transactions in money, and real goods and services among friends, relatives, kin-members, landlords, neighbours, shopkeepers, farmers, artisans, itinerant traders, marketing intermediaries, village mahajans (moneylenders), and other local income groups. Informal financial markets do exist in urban areas, but are more prominent in rural areas where institutional sources of finance are either absent or insufficient to cater to the needs of funds of local professionals of different categories. The sources of informal rural finance in most developing countries include (a) professional moneylenders; (b) agricultural moneylenders; (c) commission agents; (d) relatives and friends, and different associations of rural professionals/self-help groups; (e) well-to-do rural people; and (f) shop-keepers, and marketing intermediaries and proprietors. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Background of Rural Finance of Bangladesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contrary to formal rural finance, the informal segment of rural financial markets is not subject to regulation. The institutional or formal rural finance The sources of funds in the formal part of rural finance markets are mainly: (a) co-operatives that meet the needs of short, medium and long-term credit; (b) commercial, cooperative and specialised banks; (c) micro-finance institutions (MFIs) and NGOs conducting micro-finance operations; (d) agri-product marketing associations; and (e) land mortgage banks, and various government agencies including those established for agricultural development. The operations of financial institutions in formal rural financial markets are typically heavily regulated, and the nature and extent of formalities, as well as the interest rate structure, usually make access to credit from this market restricted to limited segments of the rural population. . Before (1971) Formal financing through institutional sources evolved in Bengal during the British period. The Hindustan Bank was established in Calcutta in 1700. The Bengal Bank, established in 1784, is considered to be the first British-patronised modern bank in India to start trading in credit and money. The 14 prominent banks operating in Bengal during the British period were located in Dhaka, Chittagong, Rangpur, Chandpur, Mymensingh, Pabna, Dinajpur, Comilla, and Narayanganj. In addition to these bank offices, 17 loan offices were established which operated throughout the Bangladesh region between 1850 and 1894. These were at Faridpur (1865), Bogra (1872), Barisal (1873), Mymensingh (1873), Nasirabad (1875), Jessore (1876), Munshiganj (1876), Dhaka (1878), Sylhet (1881), Pabna (1882), Kishoreganj (1883), Noakhali (1885), Khulna (1887), Madaripur (1887), Tangail (1887), Nilphamari (1894), and Rangpur (1894). These loan offices extended their lending activity to the rural areas and gave short, medium and long-term credits. Provincial co-operative banks were established in 1912 under the Co-operative Society Act that was passed and enacted in the same year. The Bengal Co-operative Societies Act 1940 was enacted to allow the formation of co-operative societies. Following the Partition in 1947, Pakistan inherited a banking and credit structure from the British regime consisting of 631 bank offices belonging to both local and foreign banks. Of these offices, only 159 were in rural areas. The State Bank of Pakistan, the central bank of the country, came into being in 1948 and attempted to strengthen the country’s credit system through setting up new branches of commercial banks and other types of credit institutions in rural areas. In addition to the progress achieved in commercial banking, other credit institutions had also been established to satisfy the need for medium and long-term credits for rural trade, agriculture, industry, and housing in the 24 years between 1947 and 1971. Among credit institutions, the Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan had its branches in the rural areas of both the provinces. The East Pakistan Provincial Government’s loan for agriculture in East Pakistan was Rs 28 million in 1956 and Rs 25 million in 1961-62. takavi loans for West Pakistan and Agricultural loans for East Pakistan constituted the operations of the government as a direct lender with no intermediate link between it and the agriculturists. Co-operative societies and organisations played a significant role in providing agricultural credit. Total credit disbursed by East Pakistan credit societies for agriculture was Rs 27. 5 million in 1948-49 and Rs 4 million in 1959-60. Non-credit co-operative societies provided Rs 1. 6 million in 1948-49 and Rs 0. 5 million in 1959-60. There were 8 land mortgage banks in East Pakistan at the end of 1959-60. These banks advanced Rs 0. 63 million to farmers for redemption of old debts and permanent improvement of land. There were 83 central co-operative banks in East Pakistan in 1948-49. Together, they provided Rs 17. million in 1948-49, Rs 10. 64 million in1955-65 and Rs 28. 8 million in 1959-60 to the agricultural sector. The Central Multipurpose Societies that existed in East Pakistan at that time often resorted to credit business in order to fulfil the requirements of areas which were not served by central co-operative banks. There were 62 societies in operation in 1959-60. Their total outstanding credit was Rs 6. 02 million. After (1971) After independence in 1971, Bangladesh inhe rited a weak banking system, which had 1,130 branches of 12 banks. Between 1971 and 1976, Bangladesh Krishi Bank (formerly the Agricultural Development Bank) and the co-operatives were the two institutions that were meeting the need of agricultural credit. To increase the flow of credit for agriculture, the government inducted the NCBs in the field of agricultural credit in 1976 under a new programme called Special Agricultural Credit Programme (SACP) which was designed to cater to all seasonal crop loans. Rural branches of NCBs are now engaged in agricultural credit. As against a total disbursement of Tk 860 million by the banking system in 1976-77, the agricultural loans rose to Tk 3. 75 billion in 1980-81, Tk 11. 5 billion in 1984-85 and Tk 76. 3 billion in 1999-2000. The 844 branches of bangladesh krishi bank (BKB) and 301 branches of rajshahi krishi unnayan bank (RKUB) are engaged in providing agricultural credit. At present, BKB has set its target to distribute a total credit of Tk 14. 5 billion for agriculture in 1999-2000. Previously, the bank disbursed total agricultural credit of Tk 4. 897 billion in 1997-98, Tk 11. 69 billion in 1998-99, and Tk 9. 175 billion in 1999-2000. RKUB distributed agricultural credit amounting to Tk 1. 517 billion in 1997-98, Tk 2. 50 billion in 1998-99, and Tk 2. 636 billion in 1999-2000. Other major institutions providing rural finance in Bangladesh are the Bangladesh Samabaya Bank Ltd (BSBL), the apex institution of all central co-operative societies, co-operative land mortgage banks, central sugarcane growe rs associations and thana co-operative societies. Any of the above societies can be a member of the Samabaya Bank Ltd, which had 511 members on 30 June 1999. Total loans and advances of the BSBL as of 30 June 2000 was Tk 27. 43 million, of which Tk 25. 94 million was distributed to the agricultural sector. The rate of interest charged by the institutions of the country’s banking systems engaged in agricultural credit varied from 9. 75 to 15. 50% on 30 April 2000. Despite the significant increase in the amount of total agricultural credit in the country during the last two and a half decades, NCBs, BKB and the RKUB together cater to only 50% of the total agricultural credit at present. The rest is being provided by the informal money market. A Lead Bank Scheme is in operation for co-ordinated distribution of agricultural credit throughout the country. Under this scheme, each of the branches of NCBs, and BKB was allocated one or more of the Unions for servicing agricultural credit so that the NCBs, together with BKB and RKUB, could cover the entire country. For each financial year, the central bank of the country (bangladesh bank) formulates and promulgates the agricultural credit policy according to which banks and other institutions operate their agricultural credit-giving activities. The agricultural credit market in the country is highly vulnerable as most part of the credit is non-performing and eaten up by big farmers, the rural rich elite, and touts. On the other hand, a large portion of institutional agricultural credit goes to the informal market and for re-lending to needy farmers and the rural poor at exorbitant interest rates. A huge amount is also diverted for consumption and other purposes. Moreover, the recovery rate of agricultural credit in the country is now only around 42%, which is a heavy barrier to its expansion. The NGOs operating in the country with microcredit programmes also constitute a major group of formal institutions providing rural finance. They work with the rural poor who are largely bypassed by the banking system and other credit-giving agencies. A few NGOs are also working with the urban poor. One statistical report on 369 NGOs, the grameen bank, Palli Karmasahayak Foundation (PKSF), and the Ministry of Youth and Sports reveals that these institutions distributed Tk 535. 9 million to their 4,926,427 borrower-members in 1998. . How to cite Historical Background of Rural Finance of Bangladesh, Papers

Shakespeare Lack Of Understanding Of Women Essays -

Shakespeare Lack Of Understanding Of Women Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrew Paper I believe that Shakespeare had a very little understanding of women. In this play The Taming of the Shrew the women seem very flat. There is Kate; she is the proverbial witchy woman. The butt of jokes men think of while sitting around a campfire discussing their troubles with women, or the woman everyman wants to go out with and conquer to prove how really macho he is. Then there is Bianca; she portrays everymans fantasy of the prefect woman. Her youth, beauty, and charm desired in his world. And finally, the woman Hortensio marries the Widow. The widow is the sugar mama of the group. The lazy male fantasy of having a woman to love and take care of you at the same time. My first example of the static characters of women as portrayed by Shakespeare is Kate. I believe it is a male fantasy of sorts to be the one who could tame the untamable. I also believe Shakespeare probably shared this fantasy (unless my other theories of his sexuality turn out to be true). This is accomplished through Uber-male Petruchio. A quote that shows this is on page 83, line136 So I to her, and so she yields to me, for I am rough and woo not like a babe. This shows how Petruchio is convinced he's god's gift to women. And also portrays the male fantasy of domination. My next example would be Bianca. She is quiet, beautiful, and weak. Everything diserable to the men around. Later we find out its somewhat an act but we won't mention this for my papers sake. She appears weak in beginning when she has had her hands tide by Kate and is being beaten by her, ActII page 78, line1 good sister wrong me not nor yourself to make a bondmaid and a slave of me. This is Bianca showing off how weak she is, being able to be dominated by her husband. Lastly, there is the widow whom Hortensio marries. She seems to be his caretaker, and not other way around. This is somewhat of another male fantasy, to be taken care of. And yet this also embarrasses Hortensio. He appears weak for following a woman, and not leading as Petruchio, uber-male has. This shows how Shakespeare views women as followers, and if you are lead by one, then you are not a man. Page 148, line92, this is right after Hortensio sends for his wife and she tells him to goto her and Petruchio is making fun of Hortensio Worse and worse, she will not come, O vile, intolerable, not to be endured!. These are the reasons why I felt that during the reading of The Taming of the Shrew, Shakespeare had very little understanding of the female sex. I believe the woman in this book were a compilation of classic male fantasies shared by all. He should have granted more freedom to act differently to the female characters. I thought it might have been interesting if he would have gone somewhat into widows past. Or if he had shown private flashes of rage by Bianca, that went against her preset character. I would have also enjoyed somewhat of a prologue of sorts. An explanation of the roots of Kates bitterness towards her sister, the suitors, and life itself. So that's my paper?..You can stop reading now, theres nothing leftgo on go on to another page? okay look away.NOW. Bibliography no biblio English Essays

The Choosing by Liz Lochhead Analysis Essays

The Choosing by Liz Lochhead Analysis Essays The Choosing by Liz Lochhead Analysis Paper The Choosing by Liz Lochhead Analysis Paper ‘The Choosing’ by Liz Lochhead is a poem which depicts the importance of the choices one makes in early phases of life. In this specific poem the main theme revolves around how wealth, family, different opinions about life and where a girl stood in the 80s influenced one’s choice; hence the title of the poem is ‘The Choosing’. In the poem the author compares her life to her best friend’s life. In their childhood days they were equal in almost anything they did including their appearance, behaviour at school, level in education and even houses because they were expected to be like that. As life moved on different decisions were made and the two girls had developed totally different characters. As the persona exposes the options that were available to the author it seems that she is purposely trying to ignore them in many different ways. Knowing that the girls did not embrace these characters themselves the persona becomes aware of the importance of one’s ability to make a decision independently. The author reveals her message using a variety of poetic devices including visual imagery, stereotyping, tone, paradox, poem structure, figurative language and also made use of framing. This could also have been all a matter of ‘choosing’. In the first stanza the author mainly compares her childhood days to her best friend’s. She used a number of poetic techniques including visual imagery and stereotyping to make a clear comparison. Such use of techniques stimulates the reader’s senses by evoking their own childhood memories because it has been presented in a way the reader can easily relate back to. For example in the line, â€Å"we were first equal Mary and I†, this creates a sense of equality, friendship and friendly rivalry. Further on in the stanza, the composer writes â€Å"with same coloured ribbons in mouse-coloured hair and with equal shyness†, it is a stereotype used to enforce the fact that they are equal or same. The author makes use of such imagery and stereotyping to relate it to the main theme and show that girls in the 80s were generally ‘programmed’ and did as convention said rather than choosing their own ways. The use of visual imagery and stereotyping encourage the reader to develop and understanding in their mind about how girls in the 80s were overpowered by the opposing gender. Stanza two elaborates more on the similarities between the two girls. The author changes the tone of the poem towards the end of the stanza to emphasize a change in life. Verse one of stanza two reassures of their friendship, â€Å"best friend too Mary and I†. It reassures of their friendship because by now the persona had begun to doubt their friendship due to the fact that they were rivals. Up to this point in the poem, the tone is peaceful, calm and friendly as it symbolises how the young girls are joyfully progressing and are unaware of the difficulties and challenges which are yet to come. The tone of the poem changes as the reader approaches verse six and seven, â€Å"and my terrible fear of her superiority at sums†. The author changes the tone to a fiercer and more fearful one as it reflects on the theme how the young girls are changing, and supports it with her selection of language. The reader can see a clear change in the young girl’s lives when looking at the fact that primary aged students who are still learning about ‘sums’ are using words such as ‘superiority’. This change gives a clue to the reader on how they are developing, changing and facing new challenges in life. The third stanza informs the reader how the girls came from families with different beliefs and notions towards life. The author demonstrates this through the use of paradox. A statement which seems contradictory but has a deeper meaning, in the case of this poem it allows the reader to quickly differentiate between the two girls. The author looks back at their childhood memories and remembers where they used to live and described it as, â€Å"the same houses, different homes, where the choices were made†. This line is an example of a paradox and is the most significant and meaningful line of the whole poem as it gives the reader an insight on how the choices were made. They lived in the same ‘houses’, another meaning for house is camera and we can associate that meaning with the fact that on the outside everything seemed to be the same just like looking at a picture. However, different homes meant that they were brought up and influenced by different people with different notions about life. So linking the two statements, â€Å"same houses, different homes†, it is known that the families of the two girls decided their future, â€Å"where the decisions were made†. This enables the reader to easily link back to the main theme and know that girls in the 80s usually did not have control over their lives. Moving towards stanza four, the author shows how wealth and different opinions about life influence ones choice. This stanza also highlights the fact that in the 80s decisions were made by the most dominant person in the family, a male or it can be known as modern type of patriarchy. The author uses a stereotype to emphasise on how her friend’s father was a typical ‘backward’ thinking man. The author was not sure why her friend had to leave, but had a clue that her father moved to a place where it was more affordable to live. We know that by the line, â€Å"I don’t know exactly why they moved, but any way they went. Something about a three-apartment and a cheaper rent†. This line refers back to the main theme as it shows how money influenced the family’s choice. It also indicates of the idea how females at that time were usually unaware of what is happening in the house as it was the male’s role, the reader knows it by the fact the author’s best friend did not tell her where or why she is leaving maybe because she did know at all. The author described Marys father as, â€Å"Mary’s father, mufflered, contrasting strangely, with the elegant greyhounds by his side. He didn’t believe in high school education, especially for girls, or in forking out for uniforms†. The author used a stereotype to create an understanding in the reader’s mind of how Mary’s father was the very ‘harsh’ and ‘tough’ kind of man back in the 80s. She then states that he did not believe in high school education for girls or spending on worthless uniforms which emphasises how different notions about life influenced one’s choice. The fourth stanza leads to the understanding how a modern type of patriarchy was still practised back in the 80s which left the women without a choice of their own. Up till this point in the poem we know that the girls with similar childhoods had separated due to the family’s decisions’. In stanza five and six the author sees Mary and starts to compare herself again and tries to blissfully ignore the reality. The author makes use of figurative speech such as metaphors and a lot of descriptive language to emphasise on the results of the decisions which were made in the early phases of life. The second line of stanza five, â€Å"I am coming from the library-†, suggests that the author’s parents had chosen a scholastic path for her. Whereas Mary’s parents had chosen a ‘family’ life for her and we know that when the author describes her as, â€Å"her arms around the full-shaped vase that is her body†. This is an example of a metaphor, it indicates that Mary is pregnant and therefore has a husband. It is clearly visible as to how the author might have preferred a different path than what she has now but she is blissfully ignoring it, by her choice of words there is a slight indication that the author wanted to live like Mary and have what convention called a ‘family’ but then she blissfully ignores that and says, â€Å"not that I envy her really†. At the beginning of stanza six she reinforces the idea that she is ‘ok’ with her life or more like she has to live with it now anyway because she didn’t have control over her life at the very beginning. Through-out the poem author used free verse and created a frame to convey her theme through to the readers along with the indications within the stanzas. The author used free verse to highlight on the fact that girls in the 80s didn’t have their own planned out life which they knew about, rather someone else was controlling them and everything was unexpected. We can also see this within stanza four where Mary didn’t know she was going to leave but when time came she vanished without knowing. The author framed the poem so that her main theme stays very clear, looking at the title ‘the choosing’ it is expected that the poem is about someone make important decisions in life. Within the poem that is proved correct to a certain extent but as the reader approaches the last two lines, â€Å"and wonder when the choices got made we don’t remember making†, it shows how the poem is about modern patriarchy. Where back in the 80s women were controlled by men and how those choices influenced their lives.

Erbium Factsâ€Er Element Properties

Erbium Facts- Er Element Properties The element erbium or Er is a silvery-white, malleable  rare earth metal belonging to the lanthanide group. While you may not recognize this element on sight, you can credit the pink color of glass and man-made gems to its ion. Here are more interesting erbium facts: ErbiumBasic Facts Atomic Number: 68 Symbol: Er Atomic Weight: 167.26 Discovery: Carl Mosander 1842 or 1843 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f12 6s2 Word Origin: Ytterby, a town in Sweden (also the source of the name of the elements yttrium, terbium, and ytterbium) Interesting Erbium Facts Erbium was one of three elements found in yttria that Mosander separated from the mineral gadolinite. The three components were called yttria, erbia, and terbia. The components had similar names and properties, which became confusing. Mosanders erbia later became known as terbia, while the original terbia became erbia.Although erbium (along with several rare earths) was discovered in the mid-19th century, it was not isolated as a pure element until 1935 because the group of elements had such similar properties.  W. Klemm and H. Bommer purified erbium by reducing anhydrous erbium chloride with potassium vapor.Although a rare earth, erbium is not all that rare.  The element is the 45th most abundant in the Earths crust, at a level of about 2.8  mg/kg. It is found in seawater at concentrations of 0.9  ng/LThe price of erbium is approximately $650 per kilogram. Recent advances in ion-exchange extraction are bringing the price down while increasing uses of the element drive the pr ice up. Summary of Erbium Properties The melting point of erbium is 159 °C, the boiling point is 2863 °C, specific gravity is 9.066 (25 °C), and valence is 3. Pure erbium metal is soft and malleable with a bright silvery metallic luster. The metal is fairly stable in air. Uses of Erbium Recent studies indicate erbium may help stimulate metabolism. If the element has a biological function, it has yet to be identified. The pure metal is slightly toxic, while the compounds tend to be non-toxic to humans. The highest concentration of erbium in the human body is in bones.Erbium is used as a neutron absorber in the nuclear industry.It may be added to other metals to lower hardness and improve workability. In particular, it is a common addition to vanadium to make it softer.Erbium oxide is used as a pink colorant in glass and porcelain glaze. It is also used to add a pink color to cubic zirconia.The same pink ion used in glass and porcelain, Er3, is fluorescent and appears to glow under daylight and fluorescent light. Erbiums interesting optical properties make it useful for lasers (e.g., dental lasers) and optical fibers.Like related rare earth, erbium shows sharp absorption spectra bands in the near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. Sources of Erbium Erbium occurs in several minerals, along with other rare earth elements. These minerals include  gadolinite, euxenite, fergusonite, polycrase, xenotime,  and blomstrandine. Following other purification processes, erbium is isolated from similar elements into the pure metal by  heating erbium oxide or erbium salts with calcium at 1450  °C in an inert argon atmosphere. Isotopes:  Natural erbium is a mix of six stable isotopes. 29 radioactive isotopes are also recognized. Element Classification: Rare Earth (Lanthanide) Density (g/cc): 9.06 Melting Point (K): 1802 Boiling Point (K): 3136 Appearance: soft, malleable, silvery metal Atomic Radius (pm): 178 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 18.4 Covalent Radius (pm): 157 Ionic Radius: 88.1 (3e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.168 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 317 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.24 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 581 Oxidation States: 3 Lattice Structure: Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.560 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.570 Erbium Element References Emsley, John (2001). Erbium. Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 136–139.  Patnaik, Pradyot (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds. McGraw-Hill. pp. 293–295.Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

Examine the reasons and implications of the decline of trade unions in Essay

Examine the reasons and implications of the decline of trade unions in Australia - Essay Example The greatest decline of trade unionism however occurred in the 1990s and was attributable to a combination of government and employer policies which have resulted in a populace focused on free enterprise rather than collectivism. Trade unions by definition are an organized body established to principally negotiate pay rates and employment conditions on behalf of its members; such bodies generally comprise a collective of workers who are separately and jointly assigned as representatives of its members in dealing with management (Aktaruzzaman, 2006). In other words their purpose is to protect their members by improving and maintaining their employment conditions and keeping non-unionists out of the labour market (Time of our lives, 102). The problem with this model of representation however, is that empowerment is taken from the people under representation; they become passive observers while trade union reps solve problems on their behalf exterior to the workplace environment. Trade unions are also part of government structure in much the same way as political parties and thus must adhere to the laws of government and democracy. Support from trade unions towards governments however, wavers in accordance with the level of shared labour market goals and the extent to which they can increase power (Johns, 2002). They are astute at â€Å"positioning themselves in civil society† (Johns, 2002, p.3) but are weighted with their involvement with government by being placed alongside government as the primary cause of its own demise. This was never more evident than when they worked in support of the Labour government to lay the way for an economy that was more open and included enterprise bargaining (Johns, 2002). Employment conditions within Australia were primarily decided by state and federal awards that opted in favour of union members but the situation changed after 1986 whereupon awards were changed, enterprise bargaining came into existence and agreements w ith non-union members were provided for collectives (Bowden, 2009). Late in the 1980s awards were restructured (Bowden, ), and starting with Keating’s Industrial regulations Reform Act 1993 that introduced enterprise bargaining, followed by Howard’s Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cranston, 2000; Caspersz, 2007) that provided for individual workplace agreements (Bowden, 2009) as well as collective agreements between employees and companies (Johns, 2002), and then a further amendment in 2006, it seems that government support for unions has disappeared (Sappey, Burgess, Lyons & Buultjens, 2006, cited in Caspersz, 2007, p.3). Added to this, the majority of Australian states implemented laws to stop compulsory membership of unions in order to make the transition from award systems to those focused on individual enterprise and bargaining more effortless, and later the federal government under Howard brought obligatory membership to an end (Leigh, 2005). Such legislations crea ted a massive exodus of union members who were then given choice rather than obligation to pay their union dues. Trade unions during this time faced massive changes in terms of legislative deregulation of the labour market (Cranston, 2000) which in turn affected the financial and economical sectors of the

Explore the idea of historical embeddedness in The Brief Wondrous Life Research Paper

Explore the idea of historical embeddedness in The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao - Research Paper Example The narrator therefore wonders if writing this novel is his own way of saying zafa. Every body seems to be cursed! The first chapter, which happens in 1974 to1987 in Paterson, details Oscar’s childhood and early adolescence. For one week when he is seven, Oscar dates two girls, Olga and Maritza, at the same period. However, the threesome momentarily falls apart and the life of Oscar goes downhill from then onwards. In adolescence, he was fat, dorky, and unattractive. His interest in Genre creates him even more unattractive, and his only true friends are Miggs and Al. Oscar’s sister Lola try to encourage him to lose weight to be more masculine for him to land a girlfriend, but Oscar does not regard their advice. When Miggs and Al find girlfriends and purposely dessert him out, Oscar realizes that they even contemplate that he is a failure. Oscar goes to Santo Domingo to visit Nena Inca, and starts writing science fiction as a channel. When Oscar returns he finds a girl c alled Ana Obregon at SAT prep class, instantly falling in love with her. Oscar and Ana become good friends, but never physically intimately attached. Eventually Ana’s boyfriend named Manny returns from an army mission and Ana stops having time with Oscar. Afterward, Oscar goes to Rutgers for college. He hopes life in college may be different, but in there, he realizes that still he is a loser. Oscar, the character who collects the novel together, justly perceives himself as a doubly marginalized figure. A Dominican-American boy growing up in Paterson during the 80s, he is hampered by counter-stereotypical nerdiness in addition to problems of racism and social class. Bashful, precocious, and overweight, Oscar is well versed in Marvel comics and "Japanimation" lore. His ambition is to write a space fictional. A Dominican accent manipulates "Wilde" into "Wao" wile in college. Yunior (Solis 49), his college roommate and best friend, does not quite apprehend Oscar, however loves h im and sees that there something is within Oscar that needs to be known. As the key narrator of the story, Yunior provides a loving portrayal of a tortured person within a tortured family. Redemption of Oscar â€Å"brief wondrous life† manifests at a momentous, but justified, price. Told from the viewpoint of Oscar’s sister Lola with his best friend Yunior, the story of the search for revitalization leads the reader through some of the darkest junctions of a country under severe dictatorial control. Lola pursues her own redemption, far away from her family, particularly her mother and her heritage. She only loves her younger brother Oscar and seeks protecting him from the curse which is tragically affecting their family. Saying that Hapatia Belicia was born to hard era would be an understatement. Beli’s mother died when she was only two months old, never met her father, held by her sisters a few times before they disappeared too, and spent no time in Casa Hatuey . Beli had multiple things sailing against her from the beginning of her pathetic life. She was born sick and underweight, at a time and environment where it would be difficult for any newborn to survive with her accompanied situation. She was also dark skinned, a reason that made her father’s family to absolutely dislike anything to do with her. At this juncture, her life is saved uniquely by a single woman’

Its Time to Decriminalize Marijuana :: Marijuana Drugs Argumentative Persuasive Essays

It's Time to Decriminalize Marijuana Currently, drugs remain high on the lists of concerns of Americans and are considered one of the major problems facing our country today. We see stories on the news about people being killed on the street every day over drugs. To many people drugs are only an inner-city problem, but in reality they affect all of us - users and non-users. I believe that the negative affects we associate with drugs would be greatly reduced if the United States adopted a policy towards the total decriminalization of marijuana. The current drug policy of our government is obviously failing. Drug laws have created corruption, violence, increased street crime, and disrespect for the criminal justice system. Current drug legislation has failed to reduce demand. It's just too hard to monitor illegal substances when a significant portion of the population is committed to using drugs. (Inciardi and McBride 260) Marijuana comes from the hemp plant, which can readily be grown on fields across the nation and was cultivated heavily in colonial period. After 130 years of being legal, the potential problems of marijuana were brought into the public eye by Harry J. Anslingler, the commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics and author of Marijuana: Assassin of Youth (Goldman 88). In his book, Anslinger portrayed images of Mexican and Negro criminals, as well as young boys, who became killers while under the influence of marijuana. With the added public pressure, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed into law the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937. This law made the use and dale of marijuana federal offenses. At this point marijuana was removed from the public eye, and heavy users included poor Negroes, migrant Mexicans, and Jazz Musicians (Himmelstein 3). Marijuana reappeared in the mid 1960's with the emergence of the "Hippie." Widespread objection to the use of marijuana remained because of the set of valued and lifestyles associated with it, but use appeared in colleges and among middle-class youths in the suburbs (Himmelstein 103). Marijuana became a symbol of a counter-culture, and youthful rebellion. As a consequence, marijuana use rose for the next ten years. Marijuana was becoming more accepted across the nation. As the users of Marijuana changed, the attitudes about the danger of Marijuana broke down. In 1970, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act reduced the classification of simple possession and non-profit distribution from felonies to misdemeanors (Himmelstein 104).

Women have been dealing with what we call today as ‘gender issues’ (to be politically correct) since the beginning of time

Women have been dealing with what we call today as ‘gender issues' (to be politically correct) since the beginning of time. Most other people refer to it as chauvinism or discrimination. This thing however we refer to it as has existed since the beginning of time. Referring back to the bible times of Adam and Eve there was well documented issues of gender differences. We go back to the creation of ‘man' do you really think that man is superior because he was created first, or the fact that man was used to create woman? Or the fact that is was the woman who ate the fruit off of the forbidden tree, does that make the women less superior. Both man and women were ultimately created equal and everybody makes mistakes. Look at cave men for instance, have you ever heard the phrase cave women. No you haven't, when we picture ‘cave men' the way society has groomed the thoughts into our mind, we picture very unattractive men with their clubs dragging their women around by the hair. Women were there only to cook and to bare the children of the tribe. But why has society chosen to put these images out there for us to believe. Do we have any proof that their woman were dragged around by the hair, or is it a simple rhetoric devise to play in the mind of our subconscious thinking to lead us to believe that men have and always have been more superior than women. As the ages have passed not much has changed for women. It wasn't until WWII that women were even given the chance to work. During that era there were no men to work, the economy was taking a serious hit, so they looked upon the women to fill the positions that the men had filled for so long. The women took to their new roles as champions doing the manual hard labor in the factories, leaving their children at home to be cared for by another. During that time in our history I think many people have forgotten the significance of what happened. While then men in our country were out fighting and dying to ensure our freedom, the women were here keeping our country alive the best they could, and they succeeded. At that time women had no education and no training but they managed to be strong and get out there and fight. They also in a way fought for the freedom of our country, the men could have not succeeded without the women that took that stand. It is a known fact that even some fifty years later women do not receive the same opportunities as men. Women have earned the right to be considered as equals and deserve the same equal rights to work as men do. Women have earned that right and have fought for equality, but they still do not receive it. Women do not receive the same job opportunities, promotions and pay as men do. Men are more likely to gain the success in these areas than women, even if the woman is more qualified. Women are the caretakers of the world. Women are the ones who take care of the families; families are what form communities, communities are what make the nations. â€Å"If women have a chance to work and earn as full and equal partners in society their families will flourish. When families flourish, communities and nations will flourish. † (Clinton, H. R. ). If women are successful they will be able to better provide for their families. In doing so, they give their families a better chance at a prosperous life. Society still has a long way to go; according to The American Prospect Inc. Over twenty-five years ago the United Nations developed a global bill of rights to end discrimination against women. The All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was signed by all nations except the United States, Iran, Somalia, and Sudan. For years Jesse Helms led the attack against CEDAW, calling it the work of â€Å"radical feminists† with â€Å"anti-family agenda. † à ¢â‚¬Å"I do not intend to be pushed around by discourteous, demanding women,† he said proactively on the Senate floor in 1999. Helms, is no longer around to exercise his objections. George W. Bush is now standing in the way, even as he justifies two wars against fundamentalism, at least partly in the name of advancing the status of women abroad. † (Chesler, E). Which shows that this world still has along way to go before it sees women as equals. George W. Bush is worried about â€Å"advancing the status of women abroad†, but what about the status of the women right here in the United States. He is the president of the United States and not that of the women abroad. As long as we still have these views that women are not equal. Society will never gain the talent, perspective, and ambition for success that women can bring to the table. â€Å"Around the world, empowering women is now widely considered essential to expanding economic growth, reducing poverty, improving public health, sustaining the environment, and consolidating transitions from tyranny to democracy. A near universal consensus is calling for fundamental changes in practices that have denied rights to women for centuries. If the democrats retake the White House and/or the Senate, it will be rime to insist that the United States finally become an official party to this agreement. † (Chesler, E) A good example of empowering women right here in the United States is based on an article in the San Diego Union Tribune. Based on the statistic of the United Nations, â€Å"Women made up 16. 3 percent of parliament worldwide at the end of 2005, edging up from 15. 7 percent a year earlier. Based on this groups latest statistics, according to the annual survey women have made steady progress in elections since a landmark world conference in Beijing in 1995, when females made up just 11. 3 percent of the world's lawmakers. Women on an average made up 20 percent of the deputies elected in the 39 countries that held parliamentary elections last year. Out of nine countries more than 30 percent of those elected or returning to office in 2005 were women, with Norway topping the list at 37. 9 percent. † (Reuters 2006) The Inter- Parliamentary Union found that women fared the best in Nordic countries and the worst in Arab states. The United States on the other hand ranks 69th among the world's nations, with 66 women in the House of Representatives (15. 2 percent) and 14 female senators (14 percent). The proportion of female legislators fell in eight countries last year: Bolivia, Bulgaria, Denmark, Dominica, Egypt, Germany, Kyrgyzstan and St. Vincent, and the Grenadines. In two countries, Kyrgyzstan and Micronesia, elections were held in 2005, but no women won seats. In Saudi Arabia, whose parliament was appointed, no women were named because women there do not have the right to vote or run for election. Turns out, that brought the number to a total of nine countries without a single female lawmaker as of the end of last year in 2005: Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saudi Arabia, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Arab Emirates. A new and recent study has shown an impressive and dramatic change from the numbers that we have been seeing in the past. Since 1975 women from all different races have struggled to compete with men on a professional level. As it appears race as well as gender plays a big part in what kind of job one will get, not to mention how much they will be earning. From the graph below is information collected from the online almanac, and as you can see over the past twenty-eight years. White males have dominated the economy white men have maintained a hundred percent of the median annual earnings. While white women, on the other hand over the same twenty-eight year span have increased their median annual earnings by approximately twenty percent, and still only hold seventy-five percent of the median annual earnings. That is twenty five percent less than white men. The Wage Gap, by Gender and Race This graph shows the median annual earnings men and women of different races. It also measures the difference in wage earnings over a twenty -eight year period. As we can see from the graph above race plays an equal part in the effect of annual earnings. Black males are up only four percent in twenty eight years. Hispanic males are down by nine percent over the same twenty eight year span. Black women are up only ten percent and Hispanic women are up ten percent over the past twenty eight years. In America and in other countries all over the world it is about time to start breaking through the barriers and stereotypes that society has welcomed for too long. America should be a role model for the rest of the world. America is considered the land of the free, but as long as these barriers continue to discriminate and divide our country by race and color is it really free? Sure America is known for having the best opportunities in the world, but what is the benefit of having those opportunities if it is subject to race or gender? These are the questions that one must ask every time that thought of race or gender comes into question. That's just it; it shouldn't be a question or an issue. If the qualifications meet the need then there's your answer. Have you ever wondered if you were to submit a resume without a full name just a first initial and a last name what kind of response do you think you would get? Well let me give you some insight into what might happen. I tried this research method to prove my theory that men are more preferred for a job than women and the responses I received were unbelievable. I submitted my resume to several different lines of employment such as computer technology, emergency medical technician (E. M. T), and firefighter. I have significant experience, training, certifications in all these lines of employment. When I received calls from perspective employers they would call (my cell phone, my phone contact number listed on the resume and T. Torres as the name listed on the resume. ) and ask if Mr. Torres was available. Right there they automatically assumed that my gender was male when in fact I am female. When the correction was made the response that I received was even more amazing. All of a sudden they did not have any openings at the time but would call me in the future if anything was available. It is amazing that the judgments that are passed in society today based on your gender or race. We as society could accomplish more than we know if we eliminate gender and racial boundaries, not to mention to overcome the stereotypical images that society has painted for us to believe. According to Russian Education and Society, â€Å"Men hold stereo typical traits of professional competence, rational thinking and an active life stance. Women hold the stereotype of social and communicative skills, heartfelt warmth, and emotional support. † (Razumnikova, O. M. ). We, as society are blaming the gender issues on tradition or religion. Boys and girls are taught at a very early age that ‘girls do this and boys do that'. Eventually as the world progresses children should be taught that girls and boys can do anything alike. There is nothing a man can do that a woman can't, and this is how children should be raised. Motherhood shares the same responsibilities as fatherhood does. So in turn family obligation should not be a factor into a woman getting a job, a promotion or how successful she can be. Women's rights should not be talked upon as if they are separate from human rights. Women are in fact human and should be treated alike. There is a lot of talk classified as human rights, women's rights, and civil rights: they are one in the same, rights are rights and every person should be entitled to the same equal rights as the other, man or woman. I do truly believe that if this was the case the world could be and would be a better place.

Sole vs. Soul How to Choose the Right Word

The words sole and soul are  homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions The noun sole refers to the underside of a foot or shoe or to a kind of flatfish. The adjective sole means single, solitary, or the only one. The noun soul refers to spirit, a vital principle, the spiritual nature of humans. Examples Social Security is the sole source of income for many senior citizens.For decades the Japanese fished for sole off the coast of Alaska.True sympathy is the personal concern which demands the giving of ones soul. (Martin Luther King, Jr.)I go on these teams Hospice sends around. Even at the very end, theres something in there, a soul or whatever, you have to love. (John Updike, Rabbit Remembered. Knopf, 2000)   Idiom Alerts The expression not a soul (or not a living soul) means not anyone. It was quiet; not a soul was in sight except, over by the mess hall, four K.P.s sitting around a pan, sloped forward from their waists, gabbing and peeling potatoes in the sun. (Philip Roth, Defender of the Faith. The New Yorker, 1960) The expression bare your soul means to tell someone your secret thoughts and feelings. I want to be worthy of the trust he has in me, to go ahead right now and confess everything. . . .  After all, its the tried and true template for our relationship—that I  bare my soul  and he listens and forgives. But I want more. I want give-and-take. I want him to bare his soul to me. Until he does that, I cant confide in him. (Lenore Appelhans, Chasing Before.  Simon Schuster, 2014) The expression soul of discretion means very discreet, able to keep quiet about things that another person doesnt want known. This matter is very delicate, Mr. Holmes, he said. Consider the relation in which I stand to Professor Presbury both privately and publicly. I really can hardly justify myself if I speak before any third person.Have no fear, Mr. Bennett. Dr. Watson is the  very soul of discretion, and I can assure you that this is a matter in which I am very likely to need an assistant. (Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Creeping Man. The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes,  1923) Practice (a) I shall allow no man to belittle my _____ by making me hate him.(Booker T. Washington) (b) The _____ meaning of life is to serve humanity.(Leo Tolstoy) (c) Franklin Pierce was New Hampshires _____ contribution to the presidency. (d)  In a real dark night of the _____, it is always three oclock in the morning.(F Scott Fitzgerald) Answers to Practice Exercises: Sole and Soul (a) I shall allow no man to belittle my soul by making me hate him. (b) The sole meaning of life is to serve humanity. (c) Franklin Pierce was New Hampshires sole contribution to the presidency. (d)  In a real dark night of the soul, it is always three oclock in the morning.